Nigel S Kanagasundaram, Iain Moore and Nicholas A Hoenich; Kidney Int Sept 2009, 76: 682
Bacterial contamination and biofilm formation are well recognized in the setting of intermittent hemodialysis and have led to the development of well-defined requirements for water and dialysate purity. The standards are even more stringent in the setting of intermittent hemodiafiltration because of the need for systemic infusion of the replacement fluid. Until lately, little attention had been paid to the microbial integrity of the continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRTs) used in critically ill patients. However, recently published work has revealed evidence of widespread microbial contamination of both bicarbonate-based dialysate and replacement fluid circuits in CRRTs….
Weblink here
Also read related article from CCM