Jonathan Himmelfarb, M.D., and T. Alp Ikizler, M.D. N Engl J Med 2010; 363:1833-1845, November 4, 2010
Fifty years ago, Belding Scribner and his colleagues at the University of Washington developed a blood-access device using Teflon-coated plastic tubes, which facilitated the use of repeated hemodialysis as a life-sustaining treatment for patients with uremia.1,2
The introduction of the Scribner shunt, as it became known, soon led to the development of a variety of surgical techniques for the creation of arteriovenous fistulas and grafts. Consequently, hemodialysis has made survival possible for more than a million people throughout the world who have end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with limited or no kidney function. The expansion of dialysis into a form . . .
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